The Kelb tal-Fenek—literally “rabbit dog”—is Malta’s traditional rabbit-hunting dog and is internationally known as the Pharaoh Hound. Its scientific name is not a Latin species name because it is a domestic dog breed; it belongs to the species Canis lupus familiaris.[wikipedia +1] It is a slender, short-haired, reddish-tan hound with large upright ears, an excellent sense of smell and strong hearing. Traditionally, it worked across Malta’s rocky countryside by locating rabbits and indicating their position to hunters. The breed is recognised internationally as the Pharaoh Hound, but “Kelb tal-Fenek” is the traditional Maltese name. It was designated Malta’s national hound in 1979.
The Kelb tal-Fenek (Pharaoh Hound) is Malta's national dog, a slender, elegant hound with ancient roots in Mediterranean hunting, prized for its sight, scent and hearing for rabbit hunting across the rocky Maltese terrain.
Origins and breed history
The breed evolved over centuries in Malta, adapted to hunt rabbits and hares across garigue and rocky terrain. The name "Kelb tal-Fenek" literally means "rabbit dog" in Maltese. Similar dogs appear in ancient Mediterranean cultures, suggesting deep historical roots.
Physical characteristics
The Kelb tal-Fenek is a lean, muscular hound standing 53–66 cm at the shoulder, weighing 3.6–4.5 kg. The coat is short and glossy, typically tan or red-fawn in colour. Large, upright ears and a long tail are distinctive. Their eyes are amber and alert.
Hunting ability
The breed hunts by sight, scent and hearing, working quickly across rough terrain. Traditionally used in pairs or small packs, they are tireless and determined.
Temperament
Despite their hunting drive, Kelb tal-Fenek are gentle, affectionate and social dogs. They bond strongly with their families and are excellent with children. They are alert and energetic, needing regular exercise.
International recognition
The breed was formally recognised internationally in 1974 and is now registered with the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) and major kennel clubs worldwide under the name "Pharaoh Hound", though Maltese breeders and enthusiasts prefer the traditional "Kelb tal-Fenek" name.
Conservation of the breed
Maltese breeders and breed clubs work to maintain the authentic type and protect the breed's genetic heritage.
