Critically endangered
Il-Qabru
A freshwater crab surviving in a handful of spring-fed valley streams.
The Maltese Freshwater Crab (Il-Qabru) is one of Malta's rarest and most critically endangered species, surviving in only a handful of spring-fed valley streams where water flows year-round.
Biology
The Qabru is a small crab of the genus Potamon, found only in specific valley streams such as Baħrija. It is nocturnal, hiding under stones by day and foraging at night for organic matter and small invertebrates.
Habitat requirements
The species depends entirely on permanent freshwater from natural springs. Malta's extremely limited year-round water availability means every population is isolated and vulnerable. Current populations are found in only 2–4 valley systems.
Conservation status
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) classifies the Qabru as Critically Endangered. Several conservation initiatives are now underway, including captive breeding in aquaria and habitat restoration in valleys.
Why it matters
Freshwater species are among Malta's most threatened. The Qabru is an indicator of healthy spring-fed ecosystems and water quality.
How to help
Never remove crabs from streams or disturb stones in valley streams. Report any signs of pollution, drying streams or illegal collection to the Environment and Resources Authority (ERA).
Threats
Extraction of water from spring-fed streams for agriculture and household use; pollution of valley streams; illegal collection for aquarium trade; habitat loss through development.
How to help
Never disturb stones in valley streams or remove crabs. Protect spring-fed streams from pollution and abstraction. Report dried-up pools or pollution to ERA Malta (era.org.mt). Support valley restoration projects.
Photo: Bjorn Spiteri, CC BY-SA 4.0.
